Anorexia nervosa is commonly associated with extreme weight loss and emaciation. However, there exists a lesser-known variant of this eating disorder that challenges this stereotype called atypical anorexia nervosa. Unlike typical anorexia nervosa, individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa exhibit all the behavioral and psychological symptoms but maintain a weight within or above a “normal” range.
The word “atypical” is misleading, since this illness is not atypical at all. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), studies have found that atypical anorexia is equally if not more common than anorexia with 0.2% – 4.9% of people experiencing the disorder at some point in their lifetimes, a rate two or three times higher than that of anorexia.
WHAT IS ATYPICAL ANOREXIA NERVOSA?
Atypical anorexia nervosa shares many similarities with its more recognizable counterpart. Individuals still engage in restrictive eating patterns, experience intense fear of gaining weight, struggle with distorted body image, and obsess over food and calories. The key difference is that they may appear to be at a “normal” weight or even overweight according to conventional medical standards.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Recognizing the signs of atypical anorexia nervosa is crucial for early intervention and support. Here are some common indicators:
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Extreme calorie restriction or dieting behaviors.
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Preoccupation with food, weight and body shape.
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Refusal to eat certain foods or avoidance of social situations involving food.
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Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.
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Excessive exercise to control weight.
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Continued focus on body dissatisfaction and negative self-image.
CAUSES AND TRIGGERS
Like other eating disorders, the causes of atypical anorexia nervosa are complex and may involve a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Genetic predispositions, personality traits, and societal pressures around body image and diet culture can all contribute to the development of this disorder. Stressful life events, trauma, or a history of dieting may also play a role in triggering disordered eating behaviors.
HEALTH RISKS AND CONSEQUENCES
Despite maintaining a seemingly “normal” weight, individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa face serious health risks including but not limited to:
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Nutritional deficiencies.
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Electrolyte imbalances that can lead to cardiovascular problems.
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Weakened immune function.
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Gastrointestinal problems.
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Disruptions in menstrual cycles and bone loss.
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Neurological issues leading to seizures, dizziness, fainting, sleep problems, and difficulty concentrating.
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Psychological impact—anxiety, depression, social withdrawal and impaired quality of life.
SEEKING HELP AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
If you suspect that you or someone you know may be struggling with atypical anorexia nervosa, it is important to seek professional help. Treatment typically involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes nutritional counseling, therapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or dialectical behavior therapy), and medical monitoring to address physical health concerns. Support groups and family involvement can also be instrumental in promoting recovery and long-term well-being.
SUPPORT AND UNDERSTANDING
Living with atypical anorexia nervosa can be isolating, as individuals may not receive the same level of recognition or support as those with visibly underweight anorexia nervosa. It’s essential to educate ourselves and others about the diverse presentations of eating disorders and offer compassionate support to those who are struggling, regardless of their outward appearance.
Remember that help is available, and recovery is possible with the right support and treatment. Reach out for assistance if you need it.
Rebecca Busman, MA is a Limited Licensed Psychologist at Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services. She specializes in treating eating disorders and has additional training in dialectical behavioral therapy.
Courtesy of Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services.
Photo by Andrea Migliarini courtesy of Getty Images.
